The article analyzes the Supreme Court judgment in Central Organization for Railway Electrification v. M/s ECI SPIC SMO MCML (JV), which addresses the issue of unilateral appointment of arbitrators in arbitration agreements, particularly in public-private contracts. The Supreme Court ruled that such appointments violate the principles of independence, impartiality, and equal treatment of parties under arbitration law and the Indian Constitution. The judgment reinforces the need for fairness in arbitration, ensuring that no party has undue control over the appointment process.